![]() ![]() This study addresses two main issues viz., the chemical and physical changes in E-water and its effect on biological activities. ![]() ![]() E-control (without wrap) was exposed to polychromatic sunlight. Each bottle of water was named according to the color of cellophane paper with letter E (stands for exposed) as a prefix with (E-violet, E-indigo, E-blue, E-green, E-yellow, E-orange, and Ered). Bottles of distilled water, individually wrapped in spectral-colored cellophane were exposed to sunlight and compared to an unwrapped bottle to determine chemical and physical changes as well as modifications of biological properties. It is postulated that photochemically-induced energy transfers, associated with individual spectral emission of visible spectrum of solar light, exert diverse influences on biological systems. We hypothesize and prove that solar irradiation to water entraps electromagnetic radiation as potential energy, which becomes kinetic energy in various systems. The results are promising: If all 6,500 kilometres of California’s canals were covered with solar panels, more than 246 billion litres of water could be saved, and 15 GW of green energy could be produced every year.We investigated the changes in the properties of water when exposed to sunlight for 40 days. In the 2021 study, US Merced’s research team also explored the potential of the state on the West Coast. The canal PV project in India served as a role model for California where this technology could also unleash substantial potential, while solving another problem: According to the US Drought Monitor, the most populous US state is faced with extremely dry weather and receding water levels. California: Project Nexus to protect water In February 2022, Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd (SSNNL), which owns and maintains a canal network, announced a 100-MW solar project spanning a total of 40 kilometres, which will be installed in stages at various points of the diversion channels of the Narmada River. This would spare 90,000 hectares of land that would be needed to produce the same amount of electricity from ground-mounted arrays. According to the Gujarat State Electricity Corporation, a total of 18 GW of electricity could be generated if solar panels were installed over just 30 percent of the canal. The potential it holds for the future is huge: Gujarat is home to a network of canals covering more than 80,000 kilometres. This pilot was followed by further PV projects, including a 10-MW system over a stretch of the canal’s Vadodara diversion channel. This translates into an up to three percent increase in output. In turn, the canal water that flows beneath the solar panels provides better cooling than ground-mounted arrays as water heats up slower than soil. The shade cast over waterways by the solar panels reduces evaporation, a huge problem in areas with lots of sunshine that provide ideal conditions for producing solar power, as they are often plagued by water scarcity. Solar systems are not the sole benefactors of this technology, as it also brings several advantages for canal infrastructure. In addition to making efficient use of areas to generate green electricity, this type of installation has several additional advantages, as demonstrated by a study by the University of California, Merced (UC Merced). River and canal photovoltaics (PV) involve mounting solar panels over the full width of these waterways, resulting in them being covered by the panels. Mounting solar panels on top of rivers and canals is still a fairly novel approach. This explains the intensified search for technologies enabling solar panels to be integrated in areas used for other purposes such as buildings, farmland and lakes. However photovoltaic installations are big space consumers. Solar is the most affordable renewable source of energy.
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